Publication Library

The behavior of transformer Y connections

The intent of this publication is to give a better understanding of distribution overcurrent protection problems and some of the methods being used to solve them.

UPS topologies for Large Critical power systems greater than 500kVA - White Paper

The purpose of this publication is to provide the system designer with information and procedures necessary to calculate short-circuit currents in industrial and commercial power systems.

The choice of using either switchgear or switchboards must be based on many different criteria and the design of the power system requires thought be given to each one. Following are insights into just a few of the differences to help in making those decisions.

This document looks at whether to apply switchgear or switchboards and how to cost effectively use switchboard functionalities.

The purpose of this article is to point out some of the problems associated with meeting the requirements of providing equipment ground fault protection on multiple-source low voltage distribution equipment, both switchgear and switchboards, and how to contend with them.

More than ever, submetering is being applied in industrial as well as the traditional commercial and residential applications to encourage conservation and increase productivity. This article will describe what it is, why it's important and how to effectively apply it.

The authors explore a protection and control architecture based on a single processor that provides all the protection and control functions for a line up of low-voltage switchgear. They demonstrate how this changes the paradigm from individual circuit protection to system protection, while cost-effectively and significantly increasing system reliability and protection.

In this paper, the authors explore a protection-and-control architecture based on a single processor that provides all the protection and control functions for a lineup of low-voltage switchgear. How this method of protection changes the paradigm from individual circuit protection to system protection, while cost-effectively and significantly increasing system reliability and protection is discussed.

In this paper, the authors discuss a unique approach to low-voltage switchgear protection and the process of transitioning this concept to a realworld application. The paper describes the architecture and functionality of this approach and explains how a centrally controlled system can provide advanced monitoring and protection functions much more effectively than existing systems.

11 pages. The intent of this article is to provide a brief primer about the essence of coordinating the basic protective components of the electrical power system, including circuit breakers, fuses and protective relays, and to enable the reader to review a plot of time current curves and evaluate several key concerns.

Modern power distribution systems, such as the common double-ended substation, contain multiple power sources integrated within one system. This presents significant complexity to the designer attempting to design a protection system that will not be fooled by circulating neutral currents. This paper describes how the “Single Processor Concept for Circuit Breaker Protection and Control” provides ways to address this sensing problem.

White Paper - A complete failure of utility power is a normal occurrence. A company's power supply may be
interrupted briefly or for longer periods of time because of lightning, building work, or network
overloading. Electrical power supply companies (EPSCs) cannot guarantee an uninterrupted
supply. Many power supply companies promise a reliability rate of 99.997%. This
alone means interruptions amounting to 14 minutes a year.....

Reprinted from IAS 2007 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-Second Annual Meeting Sept 23-27, New Orleans, LA. Copyright (c) 2007 IEEE.

This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of General Electric's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org.

By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.

7 pages; The intended purpose is to provide the user with the information necessary to make an informed decision on the selection of copper or aluminum conductors within electrical equipment.

3 pages. Part 2 is aimed toward electrical distribution systems, which utilize services with overcurrent devices rated greater than 1200A. To enhance a workers safety, the designer must consider devices that remove the technician from hazardous conditions.

12 pages. This article concentrates on circuits/systems 1000V and greater and provides the reader with some general guidelines for the appropriate selection and application of lightning/surge arresters.

4 pages. Resistance Grounding Systems are used in industrial electrical power distribution
facilities to limit phase-to-ground fault currents.

8 pages. Paralleling is the operation in which multiple power sources, usually two or more generators, are
synchronized and then connected to a common bus. Some applications require two or more
generators to be paralleled with the Utility. The frequency, voltage, phase angle and phase
rotation of all the sources must match within prescribed limits before they can be paralleled.

Front ends are now achieving operational efficiencies of 90% starting at 20% load without sacrificing full-load operation

9 pages, The purpose of this document is to provide insight into applying selective coordination for the AHCA method of NEC 2005 mandated selective coordination.

7 pages. GE conducted a survey of industry professionals working in facilities related to the oil and gas industry, pulp and paper industry, and power generation. The study results revealed what we called the problematic three As of arc flash.

4 pages. Arc flash is a condition that exists with all pieces of electrical equipment. The real question becomes, how do I reduce the threat?

White Paper: Abstract - On SPD types commonly referred to as transient Voltage Surge Suppressors (TVSS) that are intended for use at locations on the load side of the primary overcurrent disconnect
or main breaker of the electrical distribution system.